From the statement, we know that:
⢠Based on James' past statistics, his rate is 12.5% â ,Hâ: p = 0.125,,
,⢠to test whether the true proportion of strikeouts against left-handed pitchers using James's new stance is less than 12.5% â ,Hâ: p < 0.125, which is a left-tailed test,.
Combining these conclusions, we have that the hypothesis test consists in:
⢠Hâ: p = 0.125; Hâ: p < 0.125, which is a left-tailed test.
AnswerHâ: p = 0.125; Hâ: p < 0.125, which is a left-tailed test.